There is a very significant scene in the beginning of a recent film about the great figure of Maria Montessori. It incorporates in a synthetic way to one of the many small (but significativissime) historical events in the life of the educator. The young Mary is now already a university student of medicine, between one thousand and one woman is discriminatory because purists and "therefore" inferior. " Among his tasks also take care of that sad vision of the corpses of their study and their dissection for anatomical pathology. He touches it to bother about the deceased a beautiful young woman died of syphilis. The physical traces of evil are indisconoscibili on the body. At that time there was already the "Wassermann", the young would therefore have been treated and saved. But it was not. Why? Why, because he was neither a fool nor an ignoramus, if your doctor had prescribed the medication, she would understand. Understand what? Her husband, both officially good, was a regular visitor to brothels. "I mean, it was decided to sacrifice his life in protection of social appearances of her husband," is the text comment to the story of Maria Montessori. Here is the Victorian purism in its concrete reality: what was there before. Still, staying at Montessori, Maria, for that purism is a "whore" and his family is a family of libertines. Not because Maria hosts the "profession", not because it is an "easy", but simply because it claims to be her scandalous to choose, to decide who possibly could be the 'man of her life. In Foggia the other hand, there is a sconosciutissimo simple and humble friar who took the name Pius, who carries just the ease of your work brother. Celebrating the sacraments, instructing the spiritual life. Is there anything wrong with that? Sure. There are small and rural gl'ambienti that people see and speak. It says exactly what he sees: that the friar does this and nothing else. Unlike the Bishop of Foggia and several other priests who are frequent visitors to brothels and prostitutes. Because people know that too and also speaks of this, consistently turns in preference to the friar and his brothers, which they acquire, involuntarily, a greater reputation and authority of all do not like. Here then basted stories of women - of course by those who knew them very well, in the biblical sense - the persecution, of course, in the name of moral purism, naturally, the Bishop of Foggia defends a sword. In the name of purism also the summary trials behind closed doors of course, without any real possibbili defense, even with the wealth of guilt in order to restore the carp "majesty" of the bishop. The truth, fortunately, even after many vicissitudes and many years in the case of S. Pius won. In the case of the young woman whose body was discussion by Maria Montessori did not. They went forward instead ideas, and the new training method. They spread all over the world. In many and most parties had already started work not simply of human reality, but also the social reality of Western man, in its concreteness. And even his morals. Many people had begun to denounce the brutal ferocity, especially its moral purist, that was precisely shape of it. He did Karl Marx, had made him more heavily, because of regard to the psycho social and cultural reality Friedrich Nietzsche. Freud, with his studies in those years, gave technical support to the Nietzschean concept. In France, began to make their contributions many young intellectuals, including gl'altri: Raymond Aron, Nizan, Jean Paul Sartre and his partner Simone de Beav. Even in Germany, however, Edith Stein, aka Santa Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, will pursue concepts in several respects very similar to those of Maria Montessori. But purism, which is on the socio political fascism, had already begun to envelop Europe and the world in darkness which will culminate on the night of the Second World War. At the end of the night, the survivors - Edith Stein died at Auschwitz, Sartre fail with a loophole to escape from Stalag XII - will resume their work. New recruits will join, among them eg. the great Michel Foucault. Their motto is to Sartre, what inspires their philosophy: "Freedom and Responsibility". It 'true that the motto that inspired the late' Sixties. The moral is a moral impossibly abstract because it corresponds to consciousness without an object. But consciousness is always - as Husserl taught - awareness of something, then there is the ontological possibility of a consciousness without an object. Consciousness and the world stand together and consciousness is always in the situation. Therefore, any builds situation awareness and at the same time, gives rise to a moral. Morality arises from individual social practices, it is facticity. His generosity is the supreme value, which is, historically, acceptance of the deviation of the individual project, on the interpersonal level is instead save the ontological facticity of the other: To love is to accept the reality of the other less significant, its finitude quota and at the same time his own. "The morale is so permanent conversion in the sense of Trotsky, Permanent Revolution" (Sartre, Cahiers pour une morale). But there is no true conversion yourself if there is no conversion historic conversion world. And 'this true conversion, that it is "discovered that the only valid plan is to do (and not to be) and that the project can not be done without falling into the abstract universal. So the good project is to act on a specific situation and to change "(ibid.). "The truth is not real unless it is lived and made it" (Sartre, Verité et Existence). Here are the principles of Sixty, the core of his moral. Are the criteria that Raymond Aron, Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Foucault and many others will lead to the streets in person, alongside the Renault workers, their students from the Sorbonne and the Collège de France and many others, especially people common. The Dawn and his moral philosophy, against the purism, its society, its culture and its morality: the morality of the Night. The darkest night and based humanity. Against the Night and darkness, the darkness and the darkness: the Aurora Viva, Viva sixty-eight.
francesco Latteri Scholten.
