There is a name in the history conremporanea, which has a very specific meaning and primary, the name of a small town in Crimea: Yalta. Prologue is the Yalta conference in Teheran in November 1943. The Yalta Conference begins February 4, 1945, are taking part in Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill. It sanctioned the "status quo", or the division of the world already implemented by the war. At Yalta the themes are reflected in Tehran: the project of creation of Roosevelt 's New World Order UN custody of his four great with veto power: the United States, Soviet Union, China, Britain, France exclusion from this directory, deleting the history of Germany's unconditional surrender, the Soviet Union award German eastern territories of Russia and the absorption of the Baltic countries. What's new is that Yalta Roosevelt wants at any cost the consensus for the creation of Stalin 's Soviet UN intervention in Japan, in return is willing to give a little' everywhere, creating hardships Churchill. 'S February 11, 1945 when the conference ends the big four, now three, are really only two and a half Yalta establishes the bipolar world. Japan, big loser, rebuilt in the following decades will grow up to become the current second-largest economy. Germany, another major defeat, which was rebuilt with the Marshall Plan, is developed until it became the third. Kit is an economic giant and political dwarf, as well as Japan, until the early '70s. There is the sword of Damocles hanging over the cold war all over the world, but particularly on Germany, where a wall also divides the material world and the country. There is the intuition of a great chancellor, then the Nobel Peace Prize, Willy Brandt, to go out with a policy of peace from this reality: the "Ostpolitik". Brandt replaces Helmut Schmidt in 1974 to the Registry, Ostpolitik is continued and enhanced by a new political work in Germany and in Europe and worldwide. Germany now has a significant role in the global political arena. The Ostpolitik was the first great and fundamental, and today we add successful war in the cold war through a policy of successful establishment of mutual trust, fundamental to a dialogue, through intensification of trade and economic cooperation, science and technology. The Ostpolitik has been so successful in establishing a dialogue East - West peaceful and constructive. A more radical change would only be possible with a change in the internal situation in Eastern Europe. And 'what happens with two key events. The ascent to the papacy of Karol Wojtyla - October 16, 1978 - close to the leader Lech Walesa and his supporters, and especially with the election as secretary of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev in March 1985. Gorbachev proposes and begins the difficult and arduous task of modernizing their country, to restore vitality and life to society, industry, trade and economy, reduced to stagnation or even decline, from totalitarianism. The watchword is "Perestroika" and, as Gorbachev himself says "the essence of perestroika lies in the fact that combining socialism and democracy." The change is radical and incontrovertible. Perestroika was introduced in March 1986, at the 27th Congress of the CPSU upset and revolutionizing it, and, thereby, overturning and revolutionizing the future of economic policy ' USSR and thus the USSR itself. The realism and credibility posed by the Ostpolitik of Brandt and Schmidt are now finally a valid interlocutor. After the tedium of Brezhnev, is placed an end to the Cold War, the real dialogue begins: "We are facing problems with a spirit of cooperation enon of animosity. I realize that not everyone will agree with me. And, in truth, neither do I agree with everything others have to say on various issues. " These are the words of the textual Soviet leader. Total renovation and especially dialogue, both inside and outside, and here is crucial and valid the actions of his deputy and Foreign Minister Edward Schewardnadse. The abandonment of the totalitarian Soviet empire, however, will come to the surface of nationalism and particularism, and then to the disintegration of that empire which was based on totalitarianism. The empire is thus dropped. It 's amazing that this was done peacefully, without firing a single shot. With the empire fell the wall that divided the world, Europe and Germany. Was 9.11. '89.
francesco Latteri Scholten.
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